Overview of Pharma Industry Marketing Practices

這個影片是關於製藥行銷，是加州大學的免費課程，總共五段影片，這是第一段。在聽這篇之前，我聽了一則來自歐盟口譯網站，關於貿易的真正演講，那邊的速度比這篇慢，所以我一開始聽這篇時覺得很快很難跟，可是大概兩分鐘後有漸漸習慣，所以我決定在考試前找很多超快的影片來練習口譯，練完就會覺得其他都不快沒在怕。

但在這我覺得有個問題是，因為我有時翻譯過去一些東西，在聽多一點影片時發現，剛剛應該不是這個意思，或原來她剛剛是這個意思啊！等等的情形，但是想回去改已經來不及了，覺得自己譯錯很白痴，但就真的誤解了啊！對於這片事情我有兩個解決方案，第一個，先講長期作戰，長期的話就是把聽力練好，然後多看一些實事，充實豆知識，可以判斷大概要講什麼。第二個是短期辦法，這是應付用的，就是聽到不確定的內容時先不要講有邏輯的句子，只要把聽到的字講出來就好，等到後面聽懂時再一併連起來，後面連好前面就會聽起來還好，最好不要發生後面全都聽不懂，一直到結束都片段講關鍵字，很蠢哈哈哈。

This is a video about pharmaceutical marketing courses run by California University. It is free for people to get record, materials, etc. This is the first video from five. I just finished a video talking about small business act from European repository before I started this one. The later one is much faster than the previous one, but  I then found once I start and keep going, I will be used to the speed. Therefore, I decided to find a super fast video before the exam...

However, there are some problems here. I might translate something, and then suddenly find out oh-no! I made a mistake in the previous part according to what I heard later, or something like this. Of course I am not able to re-interpret. In order to solve this situation, I came up with two ways. One is long-term programme, while another one is a short-term method. For the first one, building general knowledge is my brain is essential. I notice more than one time that something I read before helping the translation, even though I thought those pieces of knowledge were useless. For the second way, I only translate what I understand, especially words. When I hear more things and the adding information can help me to build up the full meaning of the context, I will complete it. Only one thing is worthwhile to notice is don't translate those small pieces until the very end.

美國學校食物

這篇排版被我弄的好奇怪哈哈哈
這是真正的演講不是平常的練習檔，主講是美國口音。不過最後一段影片尚未更新。提到美國一個改善小朋友飲食狀況的長期計劃，在學校裡面推廣並實行多吃蔬果，這個計劃會和政府合作，一年比一年高的預算會從華盛頓撥到各州讓小朋友從小建立健康飲食的概念。
這篇沒有很難，但我覺得講者有點緊張，有時會講錯（笑）。

This speech is given from an American Lady who works for a long term programme to improve children'd diet in American elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools. They tried to make political champions and the government to support the fund. The target is elementary schools, especially for those have more than 15% students from poverty level. This programme would help students building health diet conception in their childhood.
Generally speaking this speech is not too difficult to interpret, but the speaker seemed to be a little nervous.

public health reach,	公共衛生覆蓋範圍，
to leverage,	充分利用，
stroke of genius,	創新聰明的主意，
House of Representatives,	眾議院，
Secretary of Health,	衛生局局長，
grader,	推土機，
relentless,	無情的，
nutrition,	營養，
Public Health Community,	公共健康社區，
to market benefits,	上市的好處，
to catch up with,	趕上，
produce industry,	生產行業，
Farm Bill,	農業法案，
to target,	為目標，
elementary schools,	小學，
statutory language,	法定語言，
intake,	攝入量，
poverty level,	貧困程度，
to squish,	壓扁，
to re-allocate,	重新分配，
obesity,	肥胖，
principle (headmaster),	原則（校長），（如果是校長那應該是principal吧？）
ownership of the programme,	該程序的所有權，
growers, wholesalers	種植者， 批發商
School Fruit Scheme,	學校水果計劃，
Cancer Society,	癌症協會，
to second,	不亞於任何人，最佳
intake,	攝入量，
WHO,	世界衛生組織，
PAHO,	泛美衛生組織（Pan American Health Organization），
obesity,	肥胖，
to go national,	?，
contagious,	傳染性強，
public health,	公共衛生，
political champion,	政治冠軍，
keynote speech,	主題演講，
out of the box,	開箱即用，
snack,	小吃，
junk food,	垃圾食品，
wellness,	健康，
Commissioner,	專員，
consumption,	消費，
duration,	持續時間，
intensity,	強度，
frequency,	頻率，
availability,	可用性，
accessibility,	交通方便，
US Farm Bill,	美國農業法案，
pilot programme,	試點方案，
ecstatic,	欣喜若狂，
USDA,	美國農業部，
to get off the ground,	下車在地上，
evaluation report,	評估報告，
middle school,	中學，
elementary school,	小學，
high school,	高中的時候，
legislative vehicle,	立法車輛，
agricultural policy,	農業政策，
to align,	對齊，
to get something up and running,	得到的東西運行起來，
public health reach	公共衛生範圍

Cosmetic surgery in Greece希臘整形/ Turkey and the EU 土耳其和歐盟

Swinging cuts, 切牌
ISAPS (International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery), SAPS（美容整形外科學會國際）
liposuction, 抽脂
eyelid surgery, 雙眼皮手術
Botox, 肉毒桿菌
nose job, 隆鼻
boob job, 隆乳
“The Lancet”, 刺胳針》（The Lancet）為世界上最悠久及最受重視的同行評審性質之醫學期刊
“Spiegel”, 德國明鏡周刊
anaesthetists, 麻醉師
operating theatres, 手術室
his take is, 他採取的是
psyche, 心理
currency, 貨幣
straitened times, 水深火熱的時候
to each his own, 自己的選擇
breast augmentation, 隆乳
liposuction, 抽脂
gluteoplasty 墊臀

本篇是關於希臘在歐債危機後，大家反而會花錢在整形上，因為他們在政府、工作、薪水方面得不到信心，只好藉著整形，讓別人誇獎他們，現在僅次於南韓的77人中就有1人整形，希臘有79人裡面有1人整形的高比例，主講人說自己要是沒錢，會改變生活方式，但只是他個人說法，因為同樣經濟也很爛的意大利，是整形比例第三高的國家。

This video is about after the economic crisis in Greece, people tend to spend more money on cosmetic surgery to have a good appearance since they are not able to get confidence from the government, jobs, and the salary. Through cosmetic surgery, people could get compliments from others. The speaker herself mentioned that once she suffers from economic problems in her daily life, she would rather change the living way than cosmetic surgery. But this is her personal opinion, since Italy is no.3 in loving-cosmetic-surgeried countries and we all know the suck economic situation there.

Community “acquis”, 社區價格收購
attempted coup, 政變未遂
the latest twist, 新觀點
saga, 傳奇
crackdown, 鎮壓
tear gas, 催淚瓦斯
water cannon, 水泡
Angela Merkel, 梅克爾總理
full blown member, 完全成熟的成
Kurdish minority, 庫爾德少數民族
genocide, 種族滅絕
Holocaust denial, 否認大屠殺
GNI (gross national income), GNI（國民總收入）
pipeline, 管道
NATO, 北約
OECD, 經濟合作暨發展組織
waning, 減弱
the “Arab Spring” movement, “阿拉伯之春”運動
keep the lid on, 保持蓋子上
courtship dance, 求愛舞
playing hard to get, 欲擒故縱
SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation), 上海合作組織
a bluff. 虛張聲勢

這篇比上一篇長一點，分析土耳其加入歐盟的優缺點，我覺得明白土耳其地理位置和文化，那優缺點不會很難翻，雖然他比較長。

This video is longer than the previous one. It is mainly about the pros and cons of being an European union membership. I believe it would not be difficult to do the interpreting if the geographic facts and cultural background of Turkey are built in our brain.

Remedica Pharmaceutical Company 一家塞普勒斯的製藥公司

Remedica Pharmaceutical Company 雷馬地卡製藥公司

tablet 藥片

capsules 膠囊

liquid 液體藥

cream 膏藥

ointment 外用軟膏

suppository 塞劑

topical medication 外用藥物

oral powder 口服藥粉

compensate 補償

patient compliance 患者配合治療

上次聽過了對製藥公司的評論，這次就來聽聽看藥廠本身做了什麼事。
這篇超好懂但超難譯因為很快，但我第二次就譯比較好。這間公司本身是塞普勒斯的藥廠，但他事業範圍很大，音檔中會出現很多德國、歐盟成員一堆、澳大利亞等等國名。另外，他持續提到公司產品所以關鍵字中的藥品形態都有出現，最後，他是分部門介紹，有品管部、研發部、倉儲運送等等，如果事先知道這些部門主要的事業內容，在翻譯到這部分時會比較簡單。

Last time I heard about a speech talk about the pharmaceutical company, and this time the video is about s viewpoint from inside of the company.
This video is very easy to understand to understand but difficult to interpret. But I did much better on the second time. This company is from Cyprus, however, the marketing and branch range is worldwide.  Therefore, many countries are included in the video such as Germany, Denmark, Australia, and so on. Besides, it keeps talking about various products in the company, so those mentioned in the keyword list should be prepared. Finally, based on different departments, different things are introduced. Hence if interpreters could have knowledge about R&D, quality department, and warehousing department in advance, things would be much easier.

「女孩們注意了！」和「英國能源」

Moisturizing  保濕

expiry date  到期日

to put it in a nutshell  概括說法

mascara  睫毛膏

dispenser  飲水機

by way of an aside  通過旁白的方式

to no avail  無效

dangers lurk  潛伏的危險

foundation  基礎

lipstick  口紅

girlie tradition  女生的傳統

to pile on the slap

that’s a no-no  這是一個禁忌

mascara wand  睫毛膏棒

bathroom cabinet  睫毛膏棒

grisly details  令人毛骨悚然的細節

festering make-up  過期變質的化妝品

clogging up  堵塞

這篇主要重點是化妝品對肌膚造成的危險，如果化妝品已經過了保存期限，會對肌膚造成非常嚴重的影響甚至感染。這篇中提到，英國女人每年花十億英鎊在化妝品上面，是所有歐盟國家中最多的。
我覺得這邊注意的重點是，女生會對化妝品名詞比較熟悉，還有音檔中提到的化妝順序，雖然她有點像shopping list但是順序是不能搞錯的。

The core issue in this video is the make-up product which is over the expiration date would damage the skin. Once old make-up products is put on the face, bacteria in the product would contaminate the skin. According to the video, one billion GBP which is the highest number in European countries is spent on cosmetics in England.

It is noteworthy that when doing SI, ladies might have a bigger chance to know more about make up. Also, the order of the beauty routine in the context could not be changed since it is a routine not a shopping list.

====================化妝切換到能源的分隔線======================

Hydraulic fracturing  （油層）水力壓裂（英語：Hydraulic fracturing，又稱為水力劈裂、水力裂解技術）是開採頁岩氣時所用的方法，用水壓將岩石層壓裂，從而釋放出其中的天然氣或石油。

shale gas  頁岩氣是蘊藏於頁岩層中的天然氣。^[1]過去十年內，頁岩氣已成為美國一種日益重要的天然氣資源，同時也得到了全世界其他國家的廣泛關注。2000年，美國頁岩氣產量僅占天然氣總量的1%；而到2010年，因為水力壓裂、水平鑽井等技術的發展，頁岩氣所佔的比重已超過20%。根據美國能源信息署（Energy Information Administration）的預測，到2035年時，美國46%的天然氣供給將來自頁岩氣。

Kyoto Protocol  京都議定書

Blackpool (Lancashire)  布萊克浦（蘭開夏郡）

Sussex 薩克斯

US Environmental Protection Agency  美國環境保護局

turn a blind eye  視而不見

economic downturn  經濟衰退

jack up  托高

hype  炒作

wave power  波浪發電

energy mix  能源結構

wind farm  風電場

coal fired  燃煤

mothballed  封存

Vladimir Putin  普京

as the saying goes: What’s not to like?   俗話說：有什麼不一樣？

Scaremonger  危言聳聽

get our act together  讓我們一起行動

one-stop permit system  一站式許可證制度

這篇是講現在很重要的能源問題，其中討論到的英國關閉核電廠的年代有好幾個，到2023年全英國只會剩下一個核電廠。所以台灣現在還有人要吵著蓋我覺得他們都瘋了。英國希望頁岩氣會是他們奪回過去輝煌歷史的墊腳石。

This video talked about the energy problem. It is mentioned that many nuclear power station is going to be shut down. Only one nuclear power station would exist on 2023. Therefore, some Taiwanese who insist to have a new nuclear power station now are absolutely crazy. English people have a dream to replay the glorious times by take advantages from Shalegas.

三井物產倫敦面試

剛結束面試了，馬上分享一下兩小時煎熬。

首先，對方說穿smart casual跟進行OB聊天會千萬不要相信（幸好我沒信），在場誰不是西裝！主講說明會的Y小姐講了半小時三井物產，包括自我介紹跟三井現況，這部分日文大概聽懂百分之九十，接著15分鐘提問時間，日本人提問的很多大家都很積極，討論到進入三井後工作內容和留學制度。

結束後休息五分鐘，有些人去上廁所，Y小姐跟剩下的大家聊天，問大家有參加過說明會嗎？對面西裝日本男T先生說以前參加過，接著問我，我說是第一次因為是台灣人，她說是臺北嗎？我說出身臺北但在臺南唸書，她馬上問說成功大學嗎？我回答是她說好優秀喔！（成大竟是如此有名！Happy!）

但是，好事只到這。接下來進入六人一組的小組討論，這部分已經開始有三人打分數了，還有人專門記錄大家說的話（還跟我說是學長姐聊天！騙我！），討論主題是假想我要開發新的國外市場，販賣抹茶，選項有ABCD四個發展經濟都不同的國家總共五六張A4 paper，有八分鐘比較優缺點後自己要做一分鐘結論（全部都日文我日文哪這麼好！）但還是硬講了，旁邊日本人們都講超好啊好想死！個人發表完要團體討論，化身工作小組討論出公司要投資哪國20分鐘，最後五分鐘結論，其實分析市場優缺點沒有很難，對我而言難在全日文，結果這時公司追加新情報，決定不外銷而改成在地生產，又有新商業條件，綜合之前情報總結 要投資的國家。

接下來Y小姐請大家為自己打分數並說明理由，還有問別人眼中的自己，總共一小時。

大概是這樣，然後，整段時間我一直很緊繃，日文畢竟是我要非常專心才能聽懂然後說出口的語言，之前很常去日本玩讀日文小說交日本朋友什麼的，但我第一次覺得，這是我真正接觸到了日本的什麼，日本經濟成長的核心商社也算是用力讓我上了一課，在日本旅遊、英國留學、甚至之前鼎泰豐的面試都像扮家家酒，要成為一個真正的社會人，我根本還太弱太沒實力。現在醒來還來得及吧……

最後講點小事，離開後走到倫敦地鐵羅素廣場站時，剛好遇到剛剛同組的另一位T先生，他會中文耶哈哈哈，是慶応大學在荷蘭交換的大三男生，我覺得他很厲害，討論時他在台上負責記錄，荷蘭還特地來！不過也有聽到西班牙跟丹麥的真的好積極！我比剛剛放鬆多了用日文聊一堆，還交換手機哈哈哈哈大概六月的就活也會見面吧哈哈哈哈～

Reimagining pharmaceutical innovation

先看關鍵字keywords list:

hospitalisation 住院治療
underpatent 有專利的藥
10/90 gap 百分之十的錢花在研究百分之九十的病，百分之九十的錢花在百分之十的病
mark up 加價
brand name drug 原廠藥
shareholder 股東
prematurely 過早地
malaria 瘧疾
meningitis 腦膜炎
hepatitis 肺炎
generic drug 國際非專有名稱藥物

這篇長度18分鐘多，我到最後兩三分鐘有點跟不上。整體而言非常好懂，不過好懂不等於好譯，因為比較快，很多地方我做時都用大意總結過去，我覺得幾個比較需要注意的地方，包括疾病名稱、文中因果關係（講者邏輯非常清晰）懂這些又有一些醫療知識，那不太難猜他講什麼。

專利跟非專利藥當然要聽懂，然後他提到很重要的觀念，就是藥廠的良心與盈利，為了考慮到股東的投資，影響未來能否在市場上繼續研究，藥廠會花錢在研究能賺錢的藥品，尤其是賣比較貴的專利藥。這導致在一些窮苦的地方，會因為價錢，買不起對症下藥的「藥」，只能隨便找一種有點象的便宜藥來治病，當然效果不好。簡言之，這篇中提供許多關於現在製藥市場重要訊息，也順便擴充了我的字彙庫啦哈哈哈～

This video lasts for about 18 minutes. I wasn't that concentrate in the last few minutes so I didn't follow well. It wasn't difficult to understand the context of the video; however, it is not easy to interpret since the speed was not slow. Here, summary might be a way to deal with this situation. I selected few part that interpreters should be aware, including the name of mentioned illness, and the logic in the context. Based on these details and get some medical knowledge, this one would be simple.

I think patent and generic drugs are essential. Also, one of the important concept he mentioned is the balance between the moral and the benefit of the pharmaceutical companies. The investment from shareholders directly influences whether a company could be in the market or not. As a result, patent drug gets more attention than generic one. In some poor areas, people could not afford the efficient but patented drug, they therefore pay for the cheaper and similar one. However, that one is not good enough to treat the illness. To sum up, the video supplied significant information of pharmaceutical market.